M.A. Jinnah entered
politics as a Congressman and as a nationalist. While in the Congress, Jinnah
joined the Muslim League in 1913. It was in that new political avatar that he
brought about the Lucknow Pact as a communal settlement between Hindus and
Muslims in 1916.
Exasperated by the rise of Gandhi in Indian politics, Jinnah left
the Congress and dissociated himself from the Non-Cooperation and Khilafat
Movements. He continued to be a leader of the Muslim League.
Jinnah raised his stakes. From his Delhi proposal to the Fourteen
Points, he got almost everything from the British. The Communal Award came as a
shot in his arm to re-affirm the separate political existence of the Muslims
and their special destiny.
The Government of India Act of 1935 along with the Communal Award,
and the subsequent provincial elections of 1937 gradually pushed Jinnah to
radicalize his stand, related to the separate political existence of Muslims in
India, ending in the demand for a separate Pakistan in 1940.